Chapter 15
Points for Discussion
 

1.   Describe the political, social, and economic conditions of the South following the Civil War. Describe the political, social, and economic issues facing northern Republicans as they went about devising plans for Reconstruction.

2.   What were the Black Codes? Discuss the controversy surrounding them. Were they a necessary and realistic response to the situation or a thinly disguised attempt to restore a version of slavery to the South?

3.   Compare and contrast Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill, Johnson’s plan, and Radical Reconstruction. Consider motives, goals, provisions, and results.

4.   What was the crop-lien system and why was it put in place? What were its consequences? Why might this system be described as a “vicious circle”?

5.   Explain the process of impeaching a president. On what grounds was Andrew Johnson impeached? Were these charges the real reason he was impeached? Should he have been convicted?

6.   How did those groups who lived through Reconstruction view their experiences? How would those views be reflected in subsequent historical debates

7.   Discuss the diplomatic triumphs of the Johnson and Grant administrations.

8.   Why was the Grant administration so riddled with corruption? Why was corruption so likely to flourish at this time?

9.   Why did the North abandon Reconstruction so rapidly? Why was the South “redeemed” so rapidly by white political leaders?

10. What was done to protect the freedmen? What more could have been done? Why was more not done?

11. Evaluate the successes and failures of Reconstruction. What were the successes? How might the failures have been avoided? What groundwork had been laid for the future?

12. What was the “greenback” question? What does the debate over this question reveal about the financial issues and problems of the 1870s?

13. Despite the efforts of New South advocates, why did the South remain a largely impoverished agricultural region of the country as of 1900? What did New South advocates hope to achieve? What changes did occur? Why were those changes not sufficient to bring the old Confederacy into the national mainstream?

14. How was the southern white political establishment able to evade the spirit of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution? What alternative paths of resistance and accommodation did black leaders devise?

15. What positions did Booker T. Washington take on the status of African Americans? Were his positions reasonable? Should he have adopted different ones? Why or why not?

16. Explain the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. What was its significance? How was it received by whites and blacks in the South? Where did it fit into the Jim Crow system?